tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51907947917901016912024-03-04T20:23:26.300+00:00Grand Duchess Elizabeth And Other StoriesGrand Duchess Elizabeth & Other StoriesChristinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.comBlogger570125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-38491019172253509072021-06-15T16:00:00.004+01:002021-06-15T16:00:50.724+01:00Murderesses in Victorian Britain Audiobook<p> </p><div dir="auto" id="iframeContent"><p>Which Victorian murderess inspired Thomas Hardy’s "Tess of the D’Urbevilles"? Who
lived to regret her "deathbed" confession? Was Amelia Dyer mad or
wicked? Why did the judiciary look compassionately on women who
committed infanticide? Among over 80 women whose stories appear in this
book, some were tragic; some were evil; some were mad; and several were
undoubtedly innocent of the murders for which they were hanged. While
politicians argued about the rights and wrongs of capital punishment,
some of these women walked stoically to the gallows; some fainted or
screamed in terror at the sight of the noose; and others walked free
from the courtroom having ‘got away with murder.</p><p>Fabulously narrated by Tim Feardon, my book "Murderesses in Victorian Britain" is now available as an audiobook on iTunes, Amazon and Audible. To hear a sample, please click the picture below: </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.audible.co.uk/pd/Murderesses-in-Victorian-Britain-Audiobook/B096YP39N9?source_code=EMLDisc1Bk724410282096PShttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYAmSIiTKTfrHkakcfXhrLEpaDmXRcJOuEWJCKeipBhi6x1eYZ3HMW19AlTTqrf-KlnW7qctmW0P5S9zNGBlbdojyYT0EPHgHz1ZLzMGoEHrF5xCvmGQOc2lk5506xnwMdwYXN7MVz13E/s500/51bmvb32w3S._SL500_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="500" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYAmSIiTKTfrHkakcfXhrLEpaDmXRcJOuEWJCKeipBhi6x1eYZ3HMW19AlTTqrf-KlnW7qctmW0P5S9zNGBlbdojyYT0EPHgHz1ZLzMGoEHrF5xCvmGQOc2lk5506xnwMdwYXN7MVz13E/w400-h400/51bmvb32w3S._SL500_.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <br /><p></p></div>Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-55113156238568694582020-08-24T14:45:00.003+01:002020-08-24T14:45:12.913+01:00Shattered Crowns - The Scapegoats<p> “In the past,” Archduke Franz Ferdinand said, “I believed that kings
and emperors made all the decisions for their people. Now, though, I see
it very differently. For the most part, monarchs are merely the actors
who take centre-stage. Their lines are scripted for them and their
movements are stage-ma<span class="text_exposed_show">naged by faceless
people whom the audience never sees. Even in an autocracy like
Austria-Hungary, so much goes on behind the scenes where ministers and
politicians plot and intrigue among themselves. They see their monarchs
as little more than puppets. They make plans that suit their personal
ambitions and increase their own sense of power, and they manipulate
their emperors into accepting and implementing those plans at whatever
cost to their countries. Then comes the cruellest part of all: when the
drama turns into tragedy, these people withdraw into the shadows leaving
the emperor to shoulder all the blame…””</span></p><p><span class="text_exposed_show"> From<a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Shattered-Crowns-Scapegoats-Trilogy-Book-ebook/dp/B005C1GKCE/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=shattered+crown+the+scapegoat&qid=1598276643&sr=8-1" target="_blank"> 'The Scapegoats'</a> - the first book in the Shattered Crowns trilogy - a series of novels portraying the Royal Families of Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Roumania in the First World War. <br /></span></p><p><span class="text_exposed_show"> </span></p><p><span class="text_exposed_show"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh15q2Hhaq-CfwyS06_OuYA-Z39yljXY0E9rYm2I2A6qcAWGnZzEuFrkspk8Zfe6y1Hys8sbwZxjcR1RJkgWIqG2t-da02xXmU4ogsveYr8bBF4ld4AwEO6EazySdErIsgVhhWug2by8xc/s654/BookCoverPreview+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="449" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh15q2Hhaq-CfwyS06_OuYA-Z39yljXY0E9rYm2I2A6qcAWGnZzEuFrkspk8Zfe6y1Hys8sbwZxjcR1RJkgWIqG2t-da02xXmU4ogsveYr8bBF4ld4AwEO6EazySdErIsgVhhWug2by8xc/s640/BookCoverPreview+-+Copy.jpg" /></a></div> <p></p>Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-7045405155973764322020-08-21T10:37:00.001+01:002020-08-21T10:37:14.513+01:00Crown Prince Rudolf <p style="text-align: justify;"> The ill-fated Crown Prince Rudolf was born on 21st August 1858. Countess
Larisch, writing after his death, rather dramatically described her
first meeting with him. It sounds very melodramatic and obviously
written in hindsight...."The next evening we were invited to a family
dinner, and there I saw, for the first time since I was quite a tiny
child, my cousin the Crown Prince Rudolph. When he entered the room I
experienced a curious feeling of uneasiness. Perhaps my subconsc<span class="text_exposed_show">ious
self knew the danger which Rudolph was destined to become in my life,
and my nervousness increased when I saw that he watched me narrowly out
of the corners of his eyes. The Crown Prince sat next to me and
commenced to tease me unmercifully, and, boy though he then was in
years, he seemed to possess the intelligence of a man. He was handsome,
and for some time I racked my brains to remember what wild animal he
recalled to me, for he had a curious look not altogether human. Then, I
knew – Rudolph reminded me of a wolf; his eyes blazed green at times,
and he seemed almost ready to spring. “Was he as cruel as a wolf?” I
wondered, and then an icy chill went down my spine as I recalled the
Empress’s words to me before dinner when I had gone to show her my
pretty gown. “Marie,” she had said, “tonight you will see Rudolph. I
warn you against him, because he will turn on you if ever he gets the
chance.”</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="text_exposed_show"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz_cEadHRgOs6aDihhCdQ5yIJZU5Ho4nfk3LEq4_YMXPL7GcVJrDil8NhgiHXIYMaUl2oT_aU-ZBJzmQPFW7j-jJlT365rqdMNKht4QbGsdH-wNa6erzfoQ7Oav7cdoQ9PB9DKVQZ7vUM/s890/Mayerling10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="890" data-original-width="512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz_cEadHRgOs6aDihhCdQ5yIJZU5Ho4nfk3LEq4_YMXPL7GcVJrDil8NhgiHXIYMaUl2oT_aU-ZBJzmQPFW7j-jJlT365rqdMNKht4QbGsdH-wNa6erzfoQ7Oav7cdoQ9PB9DKVQZ7vUM/s640/Mayerling10.jpg" /></a></div> <p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="text_exposed_show"> </span></p>Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-87452672176270123502020-08-17T16:05:00.002+01:002020-08-17T16:05:11.739+01:00Emperor Karl and his father, Archduke Otto<p style="text-align: justify;"> On 17th August 1887, the future Emperor Karl of Austria was born. He was
the son of Franz Ferdinand's brother, 'the gorgeous Archduke' Otto,
whose beauty was unfortunately only skin deep. Otto was a complete cad, a
drunkard and a womaniser who, with his companions, wrecked many cafes
and bars in Vienna. On one occasion he took his drunken friends to his
wife's bedroom at 3 o'clock in the morning so that they could have some
fun 'with a nun.' Fortunately, one of his friends wa<span class="text_exposed_show">s
sober enough to draw his sword to protect the poor woman until help
arrived. </span></p><p><span class="text_exposed_show"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYPzkPx9WEIz2OW7yUQVXR9nl63HENDMXzMiPlHCF_Nkb3T8-q-rcM3nF5TCExlfO_6EWZdAmGRKCj07zhOWXud9RaE8qGfed1o_gbdzVx4nSmS_vx5YBl1Ty7rvnxrB4xM24T1s4XQ8A/s403/68202485_130250694423.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYPzkPx9WEIz2OW7yUQVXR9nl63HENDMXzMiPlHCF_Nkb3T8-q-rcM3nF5TCExlfO_6EWZdAmGRKCj07zhOWXud9RaE8qGfed1o_gbdzVx4nSmS_vx5YBl1Ty7rvnxrB4xM24T1s4XQ8A/s0/68202485_130250694423.jpg" /></a></div> <p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="text_exposed_show"> Archduke Otto<br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="text_exposed_show">Otto's lifestyle soon caught up with him. He contracted
syphilis, which not only left him in agony but also rotted his face. His
nose was so eaten away that he had to wear a leather prosthesis and he
died at the age of only forty-one. Karl, of course, was a very different
character - devout and faithful to his wife.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="text_exposed_show"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwba9nMz8kuEcByqSY3M4jeXrmhWiAif-IzLTw5xDv0-UWgTvMZ13rfUZzD01E0LxsyoFnGbpjtq0J0fAGzy3JpegaKf_oVWAGjxzcC-MIp9DfpcMCtPci6AKKe9L-Vs1HPmc4S6f0dI/s1600/Charles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1177" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwba9nMz8kuEcByqSY3M4jeXrmhWiAif-IzLTw5xDv0-UWgTvMZ13rfUZzD01E0LxsyoFnGbpjtq0J0fAGzy3JpegaKf_oVWAGjxzcC-MIp9DfpcMCtPci6AKKe9L-Vs1HPmc4S6f0dI/s640/Charles.jpg" /></a></div> <p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="text_exposed_show">Emperor Karl <br /></span></p>Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-5441293469996949692020-08-13T15:59:00.006+01:002020-08-13T15:59:31.597+01:00King George's Menagerie<p> </p><p> </p><p> <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVJXV371ScaOBehxOiiICum9oZSGVoUzglIG5aeIUcdzB6mSG4RB2i1IJOw5ZcjgXn8SNIOUOB22eI4SLaOHCDDyN_RwsJMkI4c9yCq111zCaC5mdEbIX1JDvys4O4nZdxgd2XVezoNGo/s1501/George_IV_1821_color.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1501" data-original-width="1029" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVJXV371ScaOBehxOiiICum9oZSGVoUzglIG5aeIUcdzB6mSG4RB2i1IJOw5ZcjgXn8SNIOUOB22eI4SLaOHCDDyN_RwsJMkI4c9yCq111zCaC5mdEbIX1JDvys4O4nZdxgd2XVezoNGo/s640/George_IV_1821_color.jpg" /></a></p><p> </p><p>King George IV, like many of his contemporaries, developed an interest in exotic animals and created a large menagerie at Windsor. From <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Queen-Victorias-Creatures-Royalty-Victorian/dp/1539114384/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=queen+victoria%27s+creatures&qid=1597245427&s=books&sr=1-1&fbclid=IwAR2fO6KMv8eA5GkruP9cJt_nx3QZ4CqHuDV-V6FPGaNasQqPdg4uw1s1wKo" target="_blank">'Queen Victoria's Creatures'</a>: "Generally, George preferred
the company of the docile creatures and colourful birds that lived in
his menagerie, one of which, a cockatoo, was tame enough to sit on his
arm as he travelled through London. So proud was he of his growing
collection of interesting beasts that he granted the public admission to
his menagerie on condition that they made no drawings o<span class="text_exposed_show">f
the inhabitants and only visited on days when he was absent. On rare
occasions he made an exception to this rule, as when a young lady
arrived at the gates as he toured the gardens. On being denied entrance,
she sent George a message, explaining that she had travelled some
distance for the sole purpose of seeing the peacocks, and, once he had
ascertained from the messenger that she was a woman of great beauty, he
allowed her admission. When, however, soon afterwards, he caught sight
of one of his former mistresses standing by the gate, he insisted that
she be detained by the guards until he had departed." </span></p><p><span class="text_exposed_show"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQWqzoAUUsxOg5aFq-dFWG60InV5NEBjJIFSh8jA813O9T69fZHIFQemo-1mn4Mcrif1n0xJOEAiRaLF4ZDsq-CjBhITBp8v4J-viZxZO2uEW2zhAh-lOmWlF7ytSZdB5nODD_Wg2UcSs/s314/6bda049e7e8dd18b29a16765a7f21581.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="314" data-original-width="209" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQWqzoAUUsxOg5aFq-dFWG60InV5NEBjJIFSh8jA813O9T69fZHIFQemo-1mn4Mcrif1n0xJOEAiRaLF4ZDsq-CjBhITBp8v4J-viZxZO2uEW2zhAh-lOmWlF7ytSZdB5nODD_Wg2UcSs/w261-h393/6bda049e7e8dd18b29a16765a7f21581.jpg" width="261" /></a></div> <p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
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<![endif]--></p>Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-7576024477712356392020-08-06T12:57:00.003+01:002020-08-06T12:57:27.706+01:00The Battle of Worth<div>On the 6th August 1870, the Prussian were victorious at the Battle of Worth. The Prussian Crown Prince, Frederick (Fritz) had just led his troops to victory at
Weissenburg, but he: "...had neither the time nor the inclination to
celebrate the victory, as, early the following morning, he led his men
on towards the Alsatian village of Worth. As the competent French
General MacMahon had amassed a force of over eight-thousand men, Fritz
intended to await his cavalry before launching an attack on the 7th
August. In the early hours of the 6th, however, he heard the booming of
can<span class="text_exposed_show">non and realised that a battle was
underway. At eleven o’clock he reached the battlefield and, for the next
six hours, he remained in the saddle in the heart of the fray. Heavy
losses were sustained on both sides and, for a while, it appeared that
MacMahon would emerge triumphant, but in the late afternoon, the French
were forced to retreat, leaving thirty cannon and forty-thousand
prisoners in the hands of the triumphant Germans.</span><br /></div><div>"Bismarck pointedly failed to acknowledge Fritz’ role in the victory,
and looked ‘as sulky as a bear’ when the King warmly praised him; but,
with two victories in four days, the morale of the Third Army soared,
and ‘Our Fritz’ became the soldiers’ ‘idol.’" (From <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Silent-Emperor-German-Frederick-III-ebook/dp/B08CD18Y4R/ref=sr_1_1?crid=840WN8MV86BZ&dchild=1&keywords=the+silent+emperor&qid=1596707305&sprefix=the+silent+empoeror%2Caps%2C377&sr=8-1&fbclid=IwAR3cNfccKi-gTCknBMBikWVzRVqG1kQR9wnerpAeOqlXRxJ4wL3T0B9mwds" target="_blank">'The Silent
Emperor'</a>)<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Ka_I0c1bYl8rVIcFXtlTLscE3rXNWEegzMlcPGUVv9sfrbBFGjcT6LPTukwRSoAlAYK_pebEHDshu-OCyjXf99NiyfMazyJE5KlaPVtx70uOh90Gi0y2FhWcLFpRaq1IvsDRX4-qT9Y/s500/41CK100wtJL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Ka_I0c1bYl8rVIcFXtlTLscE3rXNWEegzMlcPGUVv9sfrbBFGjcT6LPTukwRSoAlAYK_pebEHDshu-OCyjXf99NiyfMazyJE5KlaPVtx70uOh90Gi0y2FhWcLFpRaq1IvsDRX4-qT9Y/s0/41CK100wtJL.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Add caption<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="text_exposed_show"></span></div>Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-63108639977244585172020-07-28T10:13:00.002+01:002020-07-28T10:13:55.758+01:00The Outbreak of World War I<div style="text-align: justify;">
Although Britain did not enter WW1 until 4th August 1914, the war began
on 28th July. Contrary to popular opinion, it was not a war between
Emperors, as the Emperors of Germany and Russia tried their utmost to
maintain peace. <br /> "The declaration of war, which was due to be sent
on August 12th, was delivered by telegram to Belgrade at eleven o’clock
in the morning of 28th July, and was so unexpected that the Serbs
initially believed it to be a hoax. They were quickly disillusion<span class="text_exposed_show">ed
when the Austrians began firing shells across the Danube, prompting the
anxious Serbs to blow up the main bridge across the river to prevent
the invading army from reaching Belgrade. <br /> On hearing that Austria
had launched an attack, the Russian press roused the people to demand
retribution for the ‘ignoble war’ against a ‘weaker and smaller’
country, and the Tsar ordered a partial mobilisation against Austria. In
spite of their antipathy towards Austria-Hungary, the Russians were
largely unmoved by the headlines that attempted to turn them against
Germany, and, according to one witness, the people of St Petersburg
generally believed that the Kaiser would eventually prove successful in
his attempts to resolve the situation peacefully. <br /> “Everyone firmly
believed in Kaiser Wilhelm’s peaceful intentions, and the efficacy of
his powerful mediation, and were convinced that he would intervene in
the last moment. The Kaiser’s vaunted love of peace seemed a guarantee.”
<br /> Wilhelm, realising that the situation was rapidly escalating out
of control, urgently telegraphed Nicholas, asking him to halt the
mobilisation, and offering further mediation while promising to ‘induce
Austria-Hungary to seek a frank and satisfactory understanding with
Russia.’ True to his word, he repeatedly sent emissaries to Vienna,
exhorting the Austrians to show restraint and to agree to some form of
compromise but his suggestions were rejected as Franz Josef’s ministers
and Chiefs of Staff insisted that there could be no compromise without a
complete acceptance of their demands.</span><span class="text_exposed_show"> Over the next forty-eight
hours, telegrams flew back and forth between St Petersburg and Berlin as
the Kaiser and the Tsar pleaded with each other to do everything
possible to avoid war." <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CVr0KVh70BG89T5GZQqg3pURqwWQ13h9FmpcMLLCjlUp09hBvbeCNrj5iR7Zhy9Szno7T7RtTt0sTAdLIZ1klJS4GA64C-Iaa05IrWtn23NrZPRoLYcWW8W0UmO8_5KUJbM9fRVAhuk/s1600/51KmmL2PcTL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="333" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CVr0KVh70BG89T5GZQqg3pURqwWQ13h9FmpcMLLCjlUp09hBvbeCNrj5iR7Zhy9Szno7T7RtTt0sTAdLIZ1klJS4GA64C-Iaa05IrWtn23NrZPRoLYcWW8W0UmO8_5KUJbM9fRVAhuk/s400/51KmmL2PcTL.jpg" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B01MZIHJ2U/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vamf_tkin_p1_i10" target="_blank">The Innocence of Kaiser Wilhelm II</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-30527887484152569522020-07-25T09:44:00.003+01:002020-07-25T09:44:58.765+01:00A Meeting of the Kaiser & the Tsar<div class="_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa" style="text-align: justify;">
On July 24th 1905, the Kaiser and the Tsar met aboard the Kaiser's yacht to sign the Treaty of Bjorko, agreeing to come to one another's aid if either country were attacked by more than one power. Unfortunately, the Russian ministers declared the treaty was not binding...From '<a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Innocence-Kaiser-Wilhelm-II-First/dp/1514759977/ref=sxts_sxwds-bia-wc-nc-drs1_0?cv_ct_cx=the+innocence+of+kaiser+wilhelm&dchild=1&keywords=the+innocence+of+kaiser+wilhelm&pd_rd_i=1514759977&pd_rd_r=3d422081-589f-434f-bf38-b259a488d041&pd_rd_w=2Q6NK&pd_rd_wg=rA0T9&pf_rd_p=c75e5dd5-d952-42be-a062-5e7c16a27c59&pf_rd_r=XNGASGQGNQVAM2F6W5HN&psc=1&qid=1595666649&sr=1-1-99b08bab-4e12-4b46-a656-c375985ac043" target="_blank">The Innocence of Kaiser Wilhelm II</a>': </div>
<div class="_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa" style="text-align: justify;">
"To avoid speculation or outside interference, the Kaiser and the Tsar arranged an apparently informal meeting aboard Wilhelm’s yacht, <span class="_4yxp">Hohenzollern, </span>which would be c<span class="text_exposed_show">ruising the waters around Finland when the Tsar was in the area. On a warm Sunday evening, 24th July 1905, in the company of a two diplomats – one German and one Russian – and an Admiral of the Russian fleet, Nicholas and Wilhelm signed the Treaty of Bjorko.</span></div>
<div class="_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa" style="text-align: justify;">
Wilhelm returned home ecstatic about what he had achieved and, two days later, he wrote to Nicholas, thanking him effusively for the pleasure of his company and assuring him that the alliance would:</div>
<div class="_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa" style="text-align: justify;">
‘…restore quiet in the minds of people and confidence in the maintenance of Peace in Europe and encourage financial circles in foreign countries to place funds in enterprises in Russia.’</div>
<div class="_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa" style="text-align: justify;">
His joy, alas, was short-lived.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
As soon as Nicholas presented the treaty to his horrified ministers they told him that, without France’s agreement, it could never be ratified and was therefore meaningless. Aghast at the news, Wilhelm, in a moment of rage, told the Tsar that their vows had been made before God and were therefore too sacred to be broken. His rant achieved nothing, but their friendship remained intact, and, in their continuing correspondence, both agreed that they should stand together against the machinations of ‘the Arch-intriguer and mischief maker in Europe’ – Nicholas’ description of King Edward VII." </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CVr0KVh70BG89T5GZQqg3pURqwWQ13h9FmpcMLLCjlUp09hBvbeCNrj5iR7Zhy9Szno7T7RtTt0sTAdLIZ1klJS4GA64C-Iaa05IrWtn23NrZPRoLYcWW8W0UmO8_5KUJbM9fRVAhuk/s1600/51KmmL2PcTL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="333" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CVr0KVh70BG89T5GZQqg3pURqwWQ13h9FmpcMLLCjlUp09hBvbeCNrj5iR7Zhy9Szno7T7RtTt0sTAdLIZ1klJS4GA64C-Iaa05IrWtn23NrZPRoLYcWW8W0UmO8_5KUJbM9fRVAhuk/s400/51KmmL2PcTL.jpg" width="266" /></a></div>
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Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-54746675489441781132020-07-22T10:16:00.001+01:002020-07-22T10:16:37.176+01:00King Cetshwayo<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL-sD681my7uUgsz15AMUboBoaQ6vByAULYuAxjyMX1Lq0croWBcSbeBkd7vE1V37bxJYj8DSYcgL1LLG3J81VMhUnWnK7tBXDYcVRDHjmtaIedm_BrljeUD18GLP1pxbwHpGc6CTuGBk/s1600/800px-Cetshwayo-c1875.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="940" data-original-width="800" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL-sD681my7uUgsz15AMUboBoaQ6vByAULYuAxjyMX1Lq0croWBcSbeBkd7vE1V37bxJYj8DSYcgL1LLG3J81VMhUnWnK7tBXDYcVRDHjmtaIedm_BrljeUD18GLP1pxbwHpGc6CTuGBk/s320/800px-Cetshwayo-c1875.jpg" width="272" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2NHBc3LiPZ9_HFwaN8LZPyzW56dzBwrT18LeN2_vvwnWRtDGkO8xta2g2LXXM0xwUlnwm_B4bZaYuteXNeF8kjnLL6AOlKY-_FXJnqIJYsWbXX3YZtJysfe_LhrtQv2uralqA5vVY4cE/s1600/zuluwarcetshwayo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="814" data-original-width="629" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2NHBc3LiPZ9_HFwaN8LZPyzW56dzBwrT18LeN2_vvwnWRtDGkO8xta2g2LXXM0xwUlnwm_B4bZaYuteXNeF8kjnLL6AOlKY-_FXJnqIJYsWbXX3YZtJysfe_LhrtQv2uralqA5vVY4cE/s320/zuluwarcetshwayo.jpg" width="247" /></a><br />
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I greatly admire and simultaneously feel sorry for King Cetshwayo - the
King of the Zulus, whose well-disciplined and courageous soldiers
inflicted a shocking defeat on the British at the Battle of Isandlwana.
They won the battle but lost the war, and the King - who, incidentally,
personally ensured that the Prince Imperial's belongings were returned
to ex-Empress Eugenie - went into exile in Britain. Happily, his
graciousness and his story were taken up by a number of promin<span class="text_exposed_show">ent
people and the British public turned against the officials in S.
Africa, who had brought about the war. Cetshwayo became very popular
with the British people and he was eventually asked to resume his
kingship in Zululand. Unfortunately, rival factions within his kingdom
began a campaign against him and he died quite suddenly, ostensibly of a
heart attack, but many people believe he was poisoned. I think he was a
great king.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="text_exposed_show">There is more about the Prince Imperial's story in my books: "<a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Queen-Victoria-French-Royal-Families/dp/1548500399/ref=sr_1_13?dchild=1&keywords=christina+croft&qid=1595409183&sr=8-13" target="_blank">Queen Victoria & the French Royal Families</a>" and <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Queen-Victorias-Cousins-Christina-Croft-ebook/dp/B01GDWG44Y/ref=sr_1_11?dchild=1&keywords=christina+croft&qid=1595409129&sr=8-11" target="_blank">"Queen Victoria's Cousins"</a>:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ZYaCUaUYRftuIr5WfLQOl8_n18u4ik7FfhhfJbri2mPEAPXj-7TEw5c-WqmAolFY6rQq_TRp-gUM8tYFCvmaQkGJiwGGYJnDRsk3fosSOYB64-JMe6yLH81-Qi_PgycMl6R7hiQDeHw/s1600/bookptev.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="653" data-original-width="436" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ZYaCUaUYRftuIr5WfLQOl8_n18u4ik7FfhhfJbri2mPEAPXj-7TEw5c-WqmAolFY6rQq_TRp-gUM8tYFCvmaQkGJiwGGYJnDRsk3fosSOYB64-JMe6yLH81-Qi_PgycMl6R7hiQDeHw/s320/bookptev.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMckCpkVDoJzzBvH-8LJaqZPflJctuVqwLX3X4ry0VrR0d2lHUIA0AAoywOq_VTUXbK-pIPccSA0cgFa3CWHMzRO5QSVhNz9of-jr5kCrOCxMXN-DG2pYMYu3is4_6LQf1_fVhoQtqOqQ/s1600/Queen+Victoria+%2526+The+French+Royal+Families.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1003" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMckCpkVDoJzzBvH-8LJaqZPflJctuVqwLX3X4ry0VrR0d2lHUIA0AAoywOq_VTUXbK-pIPccSA0cgFa3CWHMzRO5QSVhNz9of-jr5kCrOCxMXN-DG2pYMYu3is4_6LQf1_fVhoQtqOqQ/s320/Queen+Victoria+%2526+The+French+Royal+Families.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-43224210223801297432020-07-21T11:17:00.000+01:002020-07-21T11:17:08.576+01:00Kaiser Wilhelm Honoured His Father<div style="text-align: justify;">
Due to propaganda, many people think that Wilhelm II tried to erase his
father's memory, but this is far from the truth. At his behest, his
father's anniversary and his birthday (and those of his grandfather)
were always celebrated by schools, choirs and special events. This
particularly school band was one of those which always held a parade and
sporting event on those dates.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgX6_cO2ANJ_p84E1GqFZT0psvMhvKgpG8KWA5egUR7RPUjFO_GoQz3miuk87ZpVr4WMlIphyphenhyphen4MjBmiVyn5A_GV7MZGOQSvaSMwqAA0NP6ZDJrYXn7mMTzAzYEHlDpFNV9TMk73ki6JTU/s1600/Warburger-Gymnasialkapelle-erfreute-sich-grosser-Beliebtheit-Marschmusik-fuer-den-Kaiser_image_1024_width.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgX6_cO2ANJ_p84E1GqFZT0psvMhvKgpG8KWA5egUR7RPUjFO_GoQz3miuk87ZpVr4WMlIphyphenhyphen4MjBmiVyn5A_GV7MZGOQSvaSMwqAA0NP6ZDJrYXn7mMTzAzYEHlDpFNV9TMk73ki6JTU/s400/Warburger-Gymnasialkapelle-erfreute-sich-grosser-Beliebtheit-Marschmusik-fuer-den-Kaiser_image_1024_width.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-24532821318654407122020-07-20T10:21:00.001+01:002020-07-20T10:21:37.530+01:00A Royal Love Story<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/u70ca653e_c/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/u70ca653e_c?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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I am surprised that this lovely story is not better known...a true account of an impoverished working woman, who met and married her handsome prince....Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-60465091037855740712020-07-12T13:30:00.001+01:002020-07-12T13:30:11.171+01:00The Silent Emperor - Frederick III<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bLrJFVPVRfE" width="480"></iframe>Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-75447068316412602582020-07-08T10:12:00.002+01:002020-07-08T10:12:38.771+01:00The Silent Emperor - German Emperor Frederick III<div style="text-align: justify;">
On a bright summer’s day in June 1887, a procession of mounted kings and
princes moved sedately through the streets of London in celebration of
Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee. Amid such illustrious company, all eyes
were drawn to the ‘towering Lohengrin-like figure’ of the future German
Emperor Frederick III in his imperial helmet, silver breastplate and
the brilliant white uniform of the Cuirassier Guards. The cheering
crowds could never have believed that he had less than a year to live,
or that ‘our Fritz’, the hero of Koniggrätz, Worth and Sedan, would soon
appear as little more than a silent portrait hanging on the walls of
history. So often throughout his life, duty, modesty and loyalty obliged
him to remain silent, concealing his own achievements and stifling his
opinions. Tragically, when at last he was free to speak with authority,
he was rendered voiceless by a painful and debilitating illness. To
those who knew him well, however, he truly deserved the epithet,
‘Frederick the Noble’, whose heroic stoicism in the face of suffering
equalled and even surpassed his courage on the battlefield.</div>
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My new book, <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B08CD18Y4R" target="_blank">The Silent Emperor</a>, is available now worldwide in Kindle & paperback formats.</div>
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Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-53756116207164704422020-03-30T13:57:00.001+01:002020-03-30T13:57:07.545+01:00Reading during the LockdownAs people might be looking for something different to read while being
confined to the house, I am reducing the price of the Kindle version of
this book to only $0.99 on 1st April. On 2nd April it will be $1.99; on
3rd April $2.99; and on Saturday it will revert to its original price <span class="_47e3 _5mfr" title="smile emoticon"><img alt="" class="img" height="16" role="presentation" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/teb/2/16/1f642.png" width="16" /><span aria-hidden="true" class="_7oe">:-)</span></span>.<br />
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<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Murderesses-Victorian-Britain-Christina-Croft-ebook/dp/B07X137VNP/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1585572663&sr=8-1" target="_blank"><img alt="Murderesses in Victorian Britain" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1154" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqrPc-sQLh1Xg_4MYR8WB8HmsPtpTYhFLYCgb40qtc2mNr3uKxuIfT_OHMqi5FpbCGOkjEe50dTZtGnJBG_tjavNGmre6msNz1r8cHak75VrJ_xKbMPJFqDktFEw4oA6QDYviZn81YfBM/s400/7b3466dd-ba1a-4fe9-84ab-d411fad29ad2+%25282%2529.jpg" width="287" /></a></div>
Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-36715495244725936692020-03-28T09:50:00.000+00:002020-03-28T09:51:01.802+00:00The Death of Prince LeopoldOn 28th March 1884, Queen Victoria's youngest son, the haemophiliac Prince Leopold, died in Cannes. From <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Queen-Victorias-Granddaughters-1860-1918-Christina-ebook/dp/B00BHIUG26/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=queen+victoria%27s+granddaughters&qid=1585388563&sr=8-1" target="_blank">'Queen Victorias Granddaughters': </a><br />
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"Delighted by his little daughter, Leopold continued his duties and charitable works, but there was no relief from his medical condition. A year after Alice’s birth, he was troubled by a particularly painful swelling in his joints and his doctors recommended a trip to the warmer climes of the south of France. By then Helen was again in the early stages of pregnancy and not well enough to accompany <span class="text_exposed_show">him to Cannes. Although his life had often hung in the balance, as she watched him depart she had no idea that she would never see him again.</span></div>
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One afternoon, he slipped on the tiled floor of his hotel and banged his knee. A painful swelling ensued and the subsequent haemorrhage was so severe that he did not recover. After less than two happy years with Helen, he died in Cannes on 28thMarch 1884.</div>
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“My beloved Leopold!” Queen Victoria wrote, “That bright clever son who had so many times recovered from such fearfull [sic] illnesses, and from various small accidents has been taken from us! To lose another dear child, far from me, and one who was so gifted and such a help to me, is too dreadful.”[i]</div>
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Later, in a more tranquil moment, the Queen reflected that death had come as a blessing, for so often in his hours of agony Leopold had cried out that death would be preferable to his suffering.</div>
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[i] Nelson, Michael <span class="_4yxp">Queen Victoria & the Discovery of the Riviera </span>(Tauris Parke 2001)</div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="621" data-original-width="460" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcl-fUvMLmjiT5e1JloGKuBXqAbTn-95bLdyeYUjRMgN2ppwaX5_vgohP_8ie9FGb9Ii0shBE4pa1DKYmUN01uArfAQeHKUm9TS6EbTrtDvJynEymnOGz2U5L1btSQXLMfht9oKtH0KsU/s400/BookCoverPreview.jpg" width="296" /></div>
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Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-91972521799401951702019-12-29T15:08:00.003+00:002019-12-29T15:08:57.903+00:00The Myth of the 'Weak' Tsar<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/iXCo3vdPO4w/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iXCo3vdPO4w?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<br />Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-14349979392197930652019-10-20T11:44:00.002+01:002019-10-20T11:44:34.663+01:00A Leeds Woolen Mill Before the First World War<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/dQAKb3JdeUQ/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dQAKb3JdeUQ?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
Before my grandmother's death at the age of 98 in 1994, I made a recording of her memories of life in pre-WW1 Leeds. This was her memory of working in a woolen mill...Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-46466526294249890322019-10-20T11:40:00.001+01:002019-10-20T11:40:18.243+01:00Queen Victoria's Murderous Wet Nurse<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/XPIcSGs6ds4/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XPIcSGs6ds4?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div>
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This truly is a tragic story and one that both horrified and amazed the people of Esher, who knew the murderess as a devoted mother...Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-69210344126586662332019-08-30T10:41:00.002+01:002019-08-30T10:41:56.647+01:00Murderesses In Victorian BritainWhich Victorian murderess inspired Thomas Hardy’s ‘Tess of the
D’Urbevilles’? Who lived to regret her ‘deathbed’ confession? Was Amelia
Dyer mad or wicked? Why did the judiciary look compassionately on women
who committed infanticide? Among over eighty women whose stories appear
in this book, some were tragic; some were evil; some were mad; and
several were undoubtedly innocent of the murders for which they were
hanged. While politicians argued about the rights and wrongs of capital
punishment, some of these women walked stoically to the gallows; some
fainted or screamed in terror at the sight of the noose; and others
walked free from the courtroom having ‘got away with murder.’ Now
available on <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1689347007/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=murderesses+in+victorian+britain&qid=1567157954&s=gateway&sr=8-1" target="_blank">Amazon in Kindle & Paperback forma</a>t.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2cJCMjxv3oxvyGjTafHvj0KeK5cEWaRsPE-I66V1blqqXQhcvUtHUY2vbZcl_dNb9DufBdv79lfeFpIdzixMjiUMDiyH3vLOZbAmEIzf56gVHMifEOuU6xSXy9vB0AS59HMfB41aK5eQ/s1600/7b3466dd-ba1a-4fe9-84ab-d411fad29ad2+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1154" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2cJCMjxv3oxvyGjTafHvj0KeK5cEWaRsPE-I66V1blqqXQhcvUtHUY2vbZcl_dNb9DufBdv79lfeFpIdzixMjiUMDiyH3vLOZbAmEIzf56gVHMifEOuU6xSXy9vB0AS59HMfB41aK5eQ/s400/7b3466dd-ba1a-4fe9-84ab-d411fad29ad2+%25282%2529.jpg" width="287" /></a></div>
Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-72668578164298113762018-02-23T11:22:00.000+00:002018-02-23T11:22:01.818+00:00Thunder of FreedomI am happy to announce that my new book - <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Thunder-Freedom-British-Suffragette-Movement/dp/1980357951/ref=la_B002BMCQQ6_1_26?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1519384689&sr=1-26&refinements=p_82%3AB002BMCQQ6" target="_blank">Thunder of Freedom: The British Suffragette Movement</a> - is now available in Kindle & Paperback formats:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhskUua6RznIkkm4zqFMKh_C4L1zkGjW3mDoAE5SlO7pBKdenfQMY2SgYqh-52kDbsXqt_v7e2MGej4qTOop7BlM_DbH1-xZn-mvS2e0BZvCz0966br9g7Hczmf3GFcMfWZtrjSAGUCUUw/s1600/suffbook.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1006" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhskUua6RznIkkm4zqFMKh_C4L1zkGjW3mDoAE5SlO7pBKdenfQMY2SgYqh-52kDbsXqt_v7e2MGej4qTOop7BlM_DbH1-xZn-mvS2e0BZvCz0966br9g7Hczmf3GFcMfWZtrjSAGUCUUw/s400/suffbook.jpg" width="251" /> </a></div>
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For over forty years women had quietly campaigned for women's suffrage
when, in 1903, Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughter, Christabel, decided
to force the Government to take action. With the establishment of the
Women's Social and Political Union, they began a militant campaign which
would continue for the next eleven years, resulting in the imprisonment
of over a thousand suffragettes, who were prepared to endure torture
and even risk their lives to bring about votes for women.</div>
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Here is a short video about why I wrote the book:</div>
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<br /><iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JBe0dHVyQVU/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JBe0dHVyQVU?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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<br />Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-56700990086749332692017-09-23T15:32:00.001+01:002019-10-20T11:48:21.330+01:00Unrestricted Submarine WarfareWith the recent find of an intact World War 1 German U-boat with the bodies of the twenty-three man crew still inside, I am reminded again of the reasons why Germany resorted to unrestricted submarine warfare, which ostensibly brought the United States into the war.<br />
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The following extract is taken from my book, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0112FGBQS/ref=s9u_simh_gw_i1?ie=UTF8&fpl=fresh&pd_rd_i=B0112FGBQS&pd_rd_r=FY3XE6X058BYS7CG2G60&pd_rd_w=8ZRV4&pd_rd_wg=FIGMF&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_s=&pf_rd_r=WFXQC2Q8RZNR1Z2JS6BP&pf_rd_t=36701&pf_rd_p=1cf9d009-399c-49e1-901a-7b8786e59436&pf_rd_i=desktop" target="_blank">"The Innocence of Kaiser Wilhelm II"</a>:<br />
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UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">"...following the establishment of the ‘starvation
blockade’, Admiral Tirpitz and his fellow commanders saw no alternative but to
retaliate in kind by preventing supply ships from carrying goods to Britain.
U-boat captains were ordered to stop and search British merchant vessels, and,
after giving due warning to enable to crews to escape into lifeboats, to sink
them with torpedoes. Initially, this was carried out in a genteel fashion, for,
as one American commentator wrote:</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“The submarines…not only gave time to lower
boats but frequently took them in tow and brought them to safety. When the
German auxiliary cruisers took aboard the crews and passengers of vessels, they
treated them with kindness and humanity. This is proof against the theory of
barbarity and cruelty attaching itself to her maritime warfare.”</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[i]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Britain’s First Lord of the Admiralty, unhappy
with this gentlemanly arrangement, which allowed for the loss of so many
merchant ships, issued orders that the crews were not permitted to abandon
their vessels, but rather should ram the flimsy submarines or – since much of
the merchant fleet had been secretly armed – should open fire upon them. This
policy made it impossible for the U-boat commanders to continue to assist the
enemy crews without risking the lives of their own men, leaving them no alternative
but to sink without warning any British ship that they encountered. </span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Churchill then issued another illegal order
that the merchant marines should paint over the names of their vessels and fly
the flags of neutral countries to avoid torpedo attacks. Moreover, he manned
some of the merchant fleet with Royal Naval officers disguised as foreign fishermen
or civilian sailors, so that, whenever a submarine surfaced, the seemingly innocent
trading boat was instantly transformed into a lethal warship.</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Due to this deceit, and contrary to his own
wishes, in February 1915 the Kaiser was persuaded to sign an order declaring
unrestricted submarine warfare, meaning that any vessel sailing in British
waters, including the English Channel, would be deemed a legitimate target for
the U-boat commanders. Wilhelm’s reluctance to authorise this policy stemmed
partly ‘from feelings of humanity’</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></span></a></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>, and partly from his fear that it would
alienate neutral countries – particularly the United States</i>.(copyright Christina Croft 2015)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0112FGBQS/ref=s9u_simh_gw_i1?ie=UTF8&fpl=fresh&pd_rd_i=B0112FGBQS&pd_rd_r=FY3XE6X058BYS7CG2G60&pd_rd_w=8ZRV4&pd_rd_wg=FIGMF&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_s=&pf_rd_r=WFXQC2Q8RZNR1Z2JS6BP&pf_rd_t=36701&pf_rd_p=1cf9d009-399c-49e1-901a-7b8786e59436&pf_rd_i=desktop" target="_blank"><img alt="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0112FGBQS/ref=s9u_simh_gw_i1?ie=UTF8&fpl=fresh&pd_rd_i=B0112FGBQS&pd_rd_r=FY3XE6X058BYS7CG2G60&pd_rd_w=8ZRV4&pd_rd_wg=FIGMF&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_s=&pf_rd_r=WFXQC2Q8RZNR1Z2JS6BP&pf_rd_t=36701&pf_rd_p=1cf9d009-399c-49e1-901a-7b8786e59436&pf_rd_i=desktop" border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="333" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CVr0KVh70BG89T5GZQqg3pURqwWQ13h9FmpcMLLCjlUp09hBvbeCNrj5iR7Zhy9Szno7T7RtTt0sTAdLIZ1klJS4GA64C-Iaa05IrWtn23NrZPRoLYcWW8W0UmO8_5KUJbM9fRVAhuk/s400/51KmmL2PcTL.jpg" width="266" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rLlIiPQNmLQ/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rLlIiPQNmLQ?feature=player_embedded" style="clear: right; float: right;" width="320"></iframe><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
‘Historicus Junior’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The ‘Lusitania Case’ </i>(Hugh
H. Masterson, June 1915)</div>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>
Blucher, Princess Evelyn <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An English Wife
in Berlin </i>(E. Dutton & Co. 1921)</div>
</div>
</div>
Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-65156525135872018002017-09-19T10:48:00.001+01:002017-09-19T10:48:57.669+01:00The Tragedy of Napoleon IIIIt's impossible not to admire the way in which Napoleon III held fast to a dream in the face of mockery, failure and disappointment. From his earliest years, he dreamed of emulating his uncle, Napoleon Bonaparte, and for the first four decades of his life he continued to hold fast to the ambition despite revolution, exile and imprisonment.<br />
<br />
Humiliated by the government of Louis Philippe, he embarked on several hare-brained schemes to bring his plans to fruition, but they ended in failure, ultimately resulting in his being confined in the prison of Ham for almost six years. Rather than bewailing his fate, he nurtured his ambition for the future of France, studying and writing extensively, and preparing schemes for the betterment of the country when he eventually achieved his aim.<br />
<br />
Later, following his escape from Ham, he settled for a while in England where one statesman commented, "<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Did you ever know
such a fool as that fellow is? Why, he really
believes he will yet be Emperor of France!"</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Even his friend, the Duke of Cambridge, remarked, "...<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">I think he has
not enough to carry him through so vast an undertaking, and that he will
consequently break down in the attempt of making himself Emperor…which he is
evidently driving at."</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ultimately, though, he proved his critics wrong when, in December 1851, he staged a coup d'etat and had himself declared Emperor.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The tragedy was that, while he worked tirelessly for the good of his people, ill-health plagued him and power gradually slipped through his hands, as his ministers rejected his attempts at to maintain an autocracy; and his final defeat at Sedan owed almost as much to his debilitating illness as it did to the superiority of the Prussian forces.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">My new book, "<a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Queen-Victoria-French-Royal-Families/dp/1548500399/ref=la_B002BMCQQ6_1_24?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1505814325&sr=1-24&refinements=p_82%3AB002BMCQQ6" target="_blank">Queen Victoria & The French Royal Families"</a> (available in paperback and Kindle formats) includes his story as well as that of his predecessor, King Louis Philippe, and their relationship with the British Royal Family.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Xo_97zphPW0/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Xo_97zphPW0?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<br />Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-30667832244951435812017-08-04T10:44:00.001+01:002017-08-04T10:44:30.322+01:00August 4th 1914On 4th August 1914, Britain entered the First World War. It is a matter of contention whether on not there was any reason to do so, for, although the invasion of Belgium is the cause that is always cited, King Albert of the Belgians specifically stated that he did not want foreign armies to intervene; and, what was more, there was plenty of evidence that the French had already entered his country before the Germans did.<br />
<br />
Here, too, is an extract from<a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Innocence-Kaiser-Wilhelm-II-ebook/dp/B0112FGBQS/ref=la_B002BMCQQ6_1_10?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1501839784&sr=1-10" target="_blank"> 'The Innocence of Kaiser Wilhelm II</a>', which shows that, in fact, the British and the King were desperate to enter the conflict, and Belgium was merely a convenient excuse:<br />
<br />
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">"In all his correspondence with his cousins, Britain’s
King George V repeatedly emphasised his desire for peace but, in July 2014, an
article appeared in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Daily Telegraph </i>which
calls into question his sincerity. According to recently discovered evidence,
including a personal letter from Buckingham Palace, on August 2<sup>nd</sup> 1914,
the King summoned the Foreign Secretary, Edward Grey, and told him directly
that Britain must participate in the war to prevent Germany from becoming the
most dominant force in Europe. When Grey observed that there was no justifiable
reason for Britain to do so, the King told him he must find one. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Throughout the crisis, Grey had remained ambiguous
in response to questions from Germany, Russia and France as to what role
Britain would play in the event of a European war. When Sazonov pressed the
British and French Ambassadors to stand by their Russian allies, the French
Ambassador, Maurice Paléologue, had responded affirmatively without hesitation
but the British Ambassador, George Buchanan, explained: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
“I could
not hold out any hope of [Britain] making a declaration of solidarity that
would involve unconditional engagement to support France and Russia by force of
arms on behalf of a country like Serbia where no British interests were
involved.”<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[i]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
When informed
of this conversation, Grey commented that this was the correct response, but
Buchanan was already eagerly trying to persuade his government to back the
Russians and he promised Sazanov that he would ‘make strong representations…in
favour of the policy of resistance to Germanic arrogance.’<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was equally keen to ensure that Germany
should take the blame for the subsequent conflict, telling Paléologue, on 28<sup>th</sup>
July:</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
“The German
Government must be saddled with all the responsibility and all the initiative.
English opinion will accept the idea of intervening in the war only if Germany
is indubitably the aggressor...Please talk to Sazonov to that effect.”<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
The Germans
in general, and Wilhelm in particular, were desperate for an assurance of
British neutrality, and several approaches had been made to Grey to ascertain
his position and to discover under what conditions Britain might feel it was
necessary to take up arms. In view of the Anglo-French Entente, Bethmann asked
whether Britain would remain neutral if the Germans did not invade France, but
since this did not preclude an attack on French colonies, the British refused
to accept it.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
On 1<sup>st</sup>
August, however, the Kaiser received a message from Prince Linchowsky, his
Ambassador in London, stating that Grey had told him that Britain would<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>remain out of the conflict providing
France was not attacked. Wilhelm was so overjoyed that, without <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">informing his Chief of Staff, he immediately ordered
a halt to the German advance towards Luxembourg, and sent a message to his
cousin, George, assuring him of his willingness to accept the proposal. To his
horror, however, George replied – in almost identical terms to those in which
he had written to Nicholas following the Russian mobilisation – that there
‘must have been some misunderstanding’ as the discussion between Grey and </span>Linchowsky<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> was merely an informal and hypothetical conversation
and had no significance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">On the same day, Linchowsky again asked Grey
if the British would remain impassive provided that the Germans did not invade neutral
Belgium. Grey refused to give that assurance, stating that Belgium <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">might </i>be ‘an important <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">but not a decisive</i> factor.’ On behalf of
the Kaiser, the German government then asked on what terms Britain <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">would </i>remain neutral, but, as the
British Member of Parliament, James Ramsey-McDonald, stated openly in the House
of Commons:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“Sir Edward Grey declined to discuss the
matter. This fact was suppressed by Mr Asquith and Sir Edward Grey in their
speeches to Parliament. When Sir Edward Grey failed to secure peace between
Germany and Russia, he worked deliberately to involve us in the war, using
Belgium as his chief excuse.”</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[iv]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Three days after stating that the invasion
would not be a decisive factor, Britain went to war in defence of ‘plucky
little Belgium.’"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CVr0KVh70BG89T5GZQqg3pURqwWQ13h9FmpcMLLCjlUp09hBvbeCNrj5iR7Zhy9Szno7T7RtTt0sTAdLIZ1klJS4GA64C-Iaa05IrWtn23NrZPRoLYcWW8W0UmO8_5KUJbM9fRVAhuk/s1600/51KmmL2PcTL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="333" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CVr0KVh70BG89T5GZQqg3pURqwWQ13h9FmpcMLLCjlUp09hBvbeCNrj5iR7Zhy9Szno7T7RtTt0sTAdLIZ1klJS4GA64C-Iaa05IrWtn23NrZPRoLYcWW8W0UmO8_5KUJbM9fRVAhuk/s400/51KmmL2PcTL.jpg" width="266" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
Buchanan, Sir George <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">My Mission to Russia
Vol. 1 </i>(Cassell & Company Ltd. 1923)</div>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>
Paléologue, Maurice <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An Ambassador’s
Memoirs </i>(G.H. Doran 1925)</div>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a>
Paléologue, Maurice <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An Ambassador’s
Memoirs </i>(G.H. Doran 1925)</div>
</div>
<div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5190794791790101691#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[iv]</span></span></span></span></a>
McGuire, James K. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What Germany Could do
for Ireland </i>(Wolfe Tone Company 1916)</div>
</div>
</div>
Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-89707984013745234872017-07-30T15:56:00.000+01:002017-07-30T15:56:12.951+01:00BarbarityJust as we look back aghast at the idea that human beings could take pleasure in watching Christians being torn apart by lions in the Roman amphitheatres, or watching others being guillotined following the French Revolution, I truly believe that in the years to come, people will look back aghast on this era for the way that we treat animals with such barbarity.<br />
<br />
I have heard people say that animals are killed humanely, but I have seen pigs and sheep going into a small slaughter house, and seen the terror in their eyes and their desperation to escape. They know what is about to happen, and they are desperate to live. People cheered for the 'Tamworth two' - the pigs who escaped slaughter, but millions more animals are facing this horror every single day.<br />
<br />
It is estimated that each vegetarian saves between 50 and 100 animals a year. Nowadays there are so many alternatives to meat - products that taste exactly like chicken, beef, cheese, pork etc. etc. - and so it really is not necessary for animals to suffer any longer in this way.<br />
<br />
Ten years ago, an amazing film was released, <a href="http://www.nationearth.com/earthlings-1/" target="_blank">Earthlings</a> and now it is available free. Part of it is beautiful and part of it is horrific, but to watch only a small part of it would surely make people think again before tucking into the flesh of some innocent, sentient being that was unnecessarily and brutally murdered.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_BOU4VLwrkL_tl-N3QdDtCicxB-_bZQcrlDhYo6J9ABPueCOnFSXINnaTwQxA8oMivapyiqFMQnNkn-3570NEqJpPIgh0np2yJruO-SMbANEoe9lYwPjdchyphenhyphenElsL8tbRxWg9EFW7KRuI/s1600/033.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_BOU4VLwrkL_tl-N3QdDtCicxB-_bZQcrlDhYo6J9ABPueCOnFSXINnaTwQxA8oMivapyiqFMQnNkn-3570NEqJpPIgh0np2yJruO-SMbANEoe9lYwPjdchyphenhyphenElsL8tbRxWg9EFW7KRuI/s640/033.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5190794791790101691.post-36130387706374849542017-07-16T11:06:00.000+01:002017-07-16T11:06:08.999+01:00"The Curse of the Elephant Man"The 1980 film, 'The Elephant Man', starring John Hurt as the eponymous hero, was an excellent portrayal of the tragic life of Joseph Merrick who, tragically deformed by a medical condition, became an exhibit in a freak show before being taken into the care of the London Hospital, where he lived out the rest of his short life in relative comfort.<br />
<br />
A more recent documentary, <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0402117/" target="_blank">The Curse of the Elephant Man</a>, is an attempt to discover the cause of his condition, and concludes with a wonderful reconstruction of how he would have appeared had he not been so afflicted.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6s3StHKY-V5UzDBcGhLpsAxF7zpFdwrhMb_g_-PwPD_6c3LJZQynQVtpYvIeMUrs81x6uC7iYG46gI_gSYCfyZNQbdK-7gmgVvgPd7ChkvYXUPc7vgyrgBf3oNWR46X3XHQrdRFNYf5E/s1600/Joseph+Merrick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1321" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6s3StHKY-V5UzDBcGhLpsAxF7zpFdwrhMb_g_-PwPD_6c3LJZQynQVtpYvIeMUrs81x6uC7iYG46gI_gSYCfyZNQbdK-7gmgVvgPd7ChkvYXUPc7vgyrgBf3oNWR46X3XHQrdRFNYf5E/s320/Joseph+Merrick.jpg" width="264" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.thiswasleicestershire.co.uk/2012/11/the-elephant-man-joseph-merrick.html" target="_blank"> http://www.thiswasleicestershire.co.uk/2012/11/the-elephant-man-joseph-merrick.html</a><br />
<br />
The tragic part of his story is that he was a gentle, intelligent and learned man, who did not respond with aggression to those who treated him aggressively, and whose true character was only revealed by Sir Frederick Treves - the surgeon who, incidentally, also safely removed Edward VII's appendix shortly before his coronation. Most people who saw Joseph until that time, judged him solely by appearance, and did not make the time to talk with him or to discover who he really was.<br />
<br />
Nowadays, in our age of celebrity culture, where some people are famous purely for being famous, and being young(ish) and physically attractive seems sufficient to make a political leader worthy of praise, newspapers regularly publish stories of the doings of people whose sole claim to fame is their appearance, and it is bizarre that they gain a following on social media. Ironically, <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2771200/" target="_blank">Beauty and the Beast</a> has made a big comeback, perhaps because we are tiring of the superficiality of judging solely by appearances and actually listening to what people have to say. Looking at the picture of what Joseph Merrick would have looked like were it not for his condition, it is tragic to think that behind those pensive eyes, was a man who was clearly more beautiful than all those who screamed on seeing him in the freak show. Who were the real freaks? Christinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00714569232976515363noreply@blogger.com0